an encyclopedia of finite element definitions

# Degree 2 Raviart–Thomas on a tetrahedron

◀ Back to Raviart–Thomas definition page
In this example:
• $$R$$ is the reference tetrahedron. The following numbering of the subentities of the reference is used:
• $$\mathcal{V}$$ is spanned by: $$\left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle 1\\\displaystyle 0\\\displaystyle 0\end{array}\right)$$, $$\left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle 0\\\displaystyle 1\\\displaystyle 0\end{array}\right)$$, $$\left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle 0\\\displaystyle 0\\\displaystyle 1\end{array}\right)$$, $$\left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle x\\\displaystyle 0\\\displaystyle 0\end{array}\right)$$, $$\left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle 0\\\displaystyle x\\\displaystyle 0\end{array}\right)$$, $$\left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle 0\\\displaystyle 0\\\displaystyle x\end{array}\right)$$, $$\left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle y\\\displaystyle 0\\\displaystyle 0\end{array}\right)$$, $$\left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle 0\\\displaystyle y\\\displaystyle 0\end{array}\right)$$, $$\left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle 0\\\displaystyle 0\\\displaystyle y\end{array}\right)$$, $$\left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle z\\\displaystyle 0\\\displaystyle 0\end{array}\right)$$, $$\left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle 0\\\displaystyle z\\\displaystyle 0\end{array}\right)$$, $$\left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle 0\\\displaystyle 0\\\displaystyle z\end{array}\right)$$, $$\left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle x^{2}\\\displaystyle x y\\\displaystyle x z\end{array}\right)$$, $$\left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle x z\\\displaystyle y z\\\displaystyle z^{2}\end{array}\right)$$, $$\left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle x y\\\displaystyle y^{2}\\\displaystyle y z\end{array}\right)$$
• $$\mathcal{L}=\{l_0,...,l_{14}\}$$
• Functionals and basis functions:
$$\displaystyle l_{0}:\boldsymbol{v}\mapsto\displaystyle\int_{f_{0}}\boldsymbol{v}\cdot(- s_{0} - t_{1} + 1)\hat{\boldsymbol{n}}_{0}$$
where $$f_{0}$$ is the 0th face;
and $$\hat{\boldsymbol{n}}_{0}$$ is the normal to facet 0.

$$\displaystyle \boldsymbol{\phi}_{0} = \left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle 6 x \left(5 x - 2\right)\\\displaystyle 6 y \left(5 x - 1\right)\\\displaystyle 6 z \left(5 x - 1\right)\end{array}\right)$$

This DOF is associated with face 0 of the reference element.
$$\displaystyle l_{1}:\boldsymbol{v}\mapsto\displaystyle\int_{f_{0}}\boldsymbol{v}\cdot(s_{0})\hat{\boldsymbol{n}}_{0}$$
where $$f_{0}$$ is the 0th face;
and $$\hat{\boldsymbol{n}}_{0}$$ is the normal to facet 0.

$$\displaystyle \boldsymbol{\phi}_{1} = \left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle 6 x \left(5 y - 1\right)\\\displaystyle 6 y \left(5 y - 2\right)\\\displaystyle 6 z \left(5 y - 1\right)\end{array}\right)$$

This DOF is associated with face 0 of the reference element.
$$\displaystyle l_{2}:\boldsymbol{v}\mapsto\displaystyle\int_{f_{0}}\boldsymbol{v}\cdot(s_{1})\hat{\boldsymbol{n}}_{0}$$
where $$f_{0}$$ is the 0th face;
and $$\hat{\boldsymbol{n}}_{0}$$ is the normal to facet 0.

$$\displaystyle \boldsymbol{\phi}_{2} = \left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle 6 x \left(5 z - 1\right)\\\displaystyle 6 y \left(5 z - 1\right)\\\displaystyle 6 z \left(5 z - 2\right)\end{array}\right)$$

This DOF is associated with face 0 of the reference element.
$$\displaystyle l_{3}:\boldsymbol{v}\mapsto\displaystyle\int_{f_{1}}\boldsymbol{v}\cdot(- s_{0} - t_{1} + 1)\hat{\boldsymbol{n}}_{1}$$
where $$f_{1}$$ is the 1st face;
and $$\hat{\boldsymbol{n}}_{1}$$ is the normal to facet 1.

$$\displaystyle \boldsymbol{\phi}_{3} = \left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle 30 x^{2} + 30 x y + 30 x z - 48 x - 24 y - 24 z + 18\\\displaystyle 6 y \left(5 x + 5 y + 5 z - 4\right)\\\displaystyle 6 z \left(5 x + 5 y + 5 z - 4\right)\end{array}\right)$$

This DOF is associated with face 1 of the reference element.
$$\displaystyle l_{4}:\boldsymbol{v}\mapsto\displaystyle\int_{f_{1}}\boldsymbol{v}\cdot(s_{0})\hat{\boldsymbol{n}}_{1}$$
where $$f_{1}$$ is the 1st face;
and $$\hat{\boldsymbol{n}}_{1}$$ is the normal to facet 1.

$$\displaystyle \boldsymbol{\phi}_{4} = \left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle - 30 x y + 6 x + 24 y - 6\\\displaystyle 6 y \left(2 - 5 y\right)\\\displaystyle 6 z \left(1 - 5 y\right)\end{array}\right)$$

This DOF is associated with face 1 of the reference element.
$$\displaystyle l_{5}:\boldsymbol{v}\mapsto\displaystyle\int_{f_{1}}\boldsymbol{v}\cdot(s_{1})\hat{\boldsymbol{n}}_{1}$$
where $$f_{1}$$ is the 1st face;
and $$\hat{\boldsymbol{n}}_{1}$$ is the normal to facet 1.

$$\displaystyle \boldsymbol{\phi}_{5} = \left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle - 30 x z + 6 x + 24 z - 6\\\displaystyle 6 y \left(1 - 5 z\right)\\\displaystyle 6 z \left(2 - 5 z\right)\end{array}\right)$$

This DOF is associated with face 1 of the reference element.
$$\displaystyle l_{6}:\boldsymbol{v}\mapsto\displaystyle\int_{f_{2}}\boldsymbol{v}\cdot(- s_{0} - t_{1} + 1)\hat{\boldsymbol{n}}_{2}$$
where $$f_{2}$$ is the 2nd face;
and $$\hat{\boldsymbol{n}}_{2}$$ is the normal to facet 2.

$$\displaystyle \boldsymbol{\phi}_{6} = \left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle 6 x \left(- 5 x - 5 y - 5 z + 4\right)\\\displaystyle - 30 x y + 24 x - 30 y^{2} - 30 y z + 48 y + 24 z - 18\\\displaystyle 6 z \left(- 5 x - 5 y - 5 z + 4\right)\end{array}\right)$$

This DOF is associated with face 2 of the reference element.
$$\displaystyle l_{7}:\boldsymbol{v}\mapsto\displaystyle\int_{f_{2}}\boldsymbol{v}\cdot(s_{0})\hat{\boldsymbol{n}}_{2}$$
where $$f_{2}$$ is the 2nd face;
and $$\hat{\boldsymbol{n}}_{2}$$ is the normal to facet 2.

$$\displaystyle \boldsymbol{\phi}_{7} = \left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle 6 x \left(5 x - 2\right)\\\displaystyle 30 x y - 24 x - 6 y + 6\\\displaystyle 6 z \left(5 x - 1\right)\end{array}\right)$$

This DOF is associated with face 2 of the reference element.
$$\displaystyle l_{8}:\boldsymbol{v}\mapsto\displaystyle\int_{f_{2}}\boldsymbol{v}\cdot(s_{1})\hat{\boldsymbol{n}}_{2}$$
where $$f_{2}$$ is the 2nd face;
and $$\hat{\boldsymbol{n}}_{2}$$ is the normal to facet 2.

$$\displaystyle \boldsymbol{\phi}_{8} = \left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle 6 x \left(5 z - 1\right)\\\displaystyle 30 y z - 6 y - 24 z + 6\\\displaystyle 6 z \left(5 z - 2\right)\end{array}\right)$$

This DOF is associated with face 2 of the reference element.
$$\displaystyle l_{9}:\boldsymbol{v}\mapsto\displaystyle\int_{f_{3}}\boldsymbol{v}\cdot(- s_{0} - t_{1} + 1)\hat{\boldsymbol{n}}_{3}$$
where $$f_{3}$$ is the 3th face;
and $$\hat{\boldsymbol{n}}_{3}$$ is the normal to facet 3.

$$\displaystyle \boldsymbol{\phi}_{9} = \left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle 6 x \left(5 x + 5 y + 5 z - 4\right)\\\displaystyle 6 y \left(5 x + 5 y + 5 z - 4\right)\\\displaystyle 30 x z - 24 x + 30 y z - 24 y + 30 z^{2} - 48 z + 18\end{array}\right)$$

This DOF is associated with face 3 of the reference element.
$$\displaystyle l_{10}:\boldsymbol{v}\mapsto\displaystyle\int_{f_{3}}\boldsymbol{v}\cdot(s_{0})\hat{\boldsymbol{n}}_{3}$$
where $$f_{3}$$ is the 3th face;
and $$\hat{\boldsymbol{n}}_{3}$$ is the normal to facet 3.

$$\displaystyle \boldsymbol{\phi}_{10} = \left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle 6 x \left(2 - 5 x\right)\\\displaystyle 6 y \left(1 - 5 x\right)\\\displaystyle - 30 x z + 24 x + 6 z - 6\end{array}\right)$$

This DOF is associated with face 3 of the reference element.
$$\displaystyle l_{11}:\boldsymbol{v}\mapsto\displaystyle\int_{f_{3}}\boldsymbol{v}\cdot(s_{1})\hat{\boldsymbol{n}}_{3}$$
where $$f_{3}$$ is the 3th face;
and $$\hat{\boldsymbol{n}}_{3}$$ is the normal to facet 3.

$$\displaystyle \boldsymbol{\phi}_{11} = \left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle 6 x \left(1 - 5 y\right)\\\displaystyle 6 y \left(2 - 5 y\right)\\\displaystyle - 30 y z + 24 y + 6 z - 6\end{array}\right)$$

This DOF is associated with face 3 of the reference element.
$$\displaystyle l_{12}:v\mapsto\displaystyle\int_{R}(\left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle 1\\\displaystyle 0\\\displaystyle 0\end{array}\right))v$$
where $$R$$ is the reference element.

$$\displaystyle \boldsymbol{\phi}_{12} = \left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle 30 x \left(- 2 x - y - z + 2\right)\\\displaystyle 30 y \left(- 2 x - y - z + 1\right)\\\displaystyle 30 z \left(- 2 x - y - z + 1\right)\end{array}\right)$$

This DOF is associated with volume 0 of the reference element.
$$\displaystyle l_{13}:v\mapsto\displaystyle\int_{R}(\left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle 0\\\displaystyle 1\\\displaystyle 0\end{array}\right))v$$
where $$R$$ is the reference element.

$$\displaystyle \boldsymbol{\phi}_{13} = \left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle 30 x \left(- x - 2 y - z + 1\right)\\\displaystyle 30 y \left(- x - 2 y - z + 2\right)\\\displaystyle 30 z \left(- x - 2 y - z + 1\right)\end{array}\right)$$

This DOF is associated with volume 0 of the reference element.
$$\displaystyle l_{14}:v\mapsto\displaystyle\int_{R}(\left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle 0\\\displaystyle 0\\\displaystyle 1\end{array}\right))v$$
where $$R$$ is the reference element.

$$\displaystyle \boldsymbol{\phi}_{14} = \left(\begin{array}{c}\displaystyle 30 x \left(- x - y - 2 z + 1\right)\\\displaystyle 30 y \left(- x - y - 2 z + 1\right)\\\displaystyle 30 z \left(- x - y - 2 z + 2\right)\end{array}\right)$$

This DOF is associated with volume 0 of the reference element.